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RUN CARTRIDGÿÿàá^'ü A!#A¡>´>ù> ??AŸ>÷> AD1:AUTORUN.SYS››8é ¨¹Q)Í! °` ¨¹!¹! `­8é "¨¹` ¬GŒ" ŒG")©1©© ©  ±HÈŠqmî ±ªˆ±mŠmh®"  ý!­"­"GÀ`l W!`­8é ª ±]Q)à]QQèȱQèÈÀÐõ®½H)H¢L€!©ú"û"îú"­ú"É ð4 "Àï©0û"mú"#¢©ýD©"E©H©I© B VäLJ"­û"ð$…¥Ðü¢©üD©"E©H©I© B V䢩 B Vä0,¢©GD©!E©J©K©B V䢩 B Vä hh­@M>)ðM>@`}DRIVE 1 WILL NOT CONFIGURE›âãB"¨hs#iªht#iHŠH˜H  q#ª q#BÉðÉ ° q#H q#ILa# q#J q#K q#D q#EhLVäȹ-`i0Ê# #É#0A8­!éœ>­!é>8­!阮#­!é>¯# # ˜>0 # "ü 0 # `D1:CONFIG.SYS› Y$0% à50 ­×#®€à›ð1­É›Ð­€8éAÍ!° `­!i@S$ # !5$0ë ·$LÜ#iAW$ # V$0Ô­×# `›GIVE A RESPONSE FROM "A" TO "G"›A›®!Р€`8é H¢½!½! ±¨© ‘ŠJiAÈ‘èèŠJÍ!ÐÚhª½Q)×#Í!° ª½!½! ±¨©*‘©› # 0P©Ø#­Ø# ª½7!½8! ±mú$­iû$ȱø$ # A6?0îØ#­Ø#Í!ÐÀ©› # ` W!0¢L€!`þþA­!ÉР±` #€0ô # %0é­!%ÉþЭ %ÉþÐÙ­"%“%­#%”%­"%m!"%­#%m!#%­#%ÉOЭ"%Éüð°ª­!•%­!–% # ÷>0•­! ª­!7!­!8!î!­!i!­!i!­! ª­!!­!!èè­!i!­!i!î!Î$%ÐÙ­"%!­#%! `Žù%­—>Í!©“> °` ª½!½! ±mú%­iû%­!ü%Îü% # E'`®ù%­ü%Q ª½!½! ±mMú%ÐÍ­iMû%Ðí’> "À€ðÇÀ0µ©1­;©@©ü©©©€© ®’>½H0. ®ù%½U8é ½Vé ¼R½X0i8ýWªŠm  î ˆÐð®ù%¼` ­GH©G˜H) Ñ YähhGÀ€ð.À0 #£<À€ð # À€ðL7&©“>­’> Y$`›Unable to identify mode›©“> # ‘¿7 #  ô5 #  ô5­“>ð#©“>­’>8é ª­—>Q­’> "À ô5©þ # P90¬©@¾ à50¢­€É›ð­É›ð # 'p9Ll'­€\>É0fÉ:°bœ9©D€©:‚ # —90Ô ê50Ï­ƒɛР ˆ¹·9™ƒÀÐõ #€0 #€€0 # €€0L1(Àˆð ô5Ll'ÉAÐlüÉBÐU­ü¿ÐB @xÔ­ü¿¢ÿŽü¿ìü¿ü¿ŒÔXð(©…©} # 0ó­ú¿8骭û¿éHŠH©ÿÔlþ¿ # Ç90õLl'ÉCðL¸) # Ô90ë ê50æ ¹€ÈÉ,ðÉ›Ðô # (ñ9L»(ÀððŒ]>©›™Ù€ðã  +6 #€06 ¶7¬]> +6 s6¹~É/йÉAЩ›™~ #  €L:) # € ô5Ll' ¶78­åí!u)­æí!v)­!w)­!x)­!§)­!¨) #!Œ^>ÀˆÐ ­X YÐLl'À0­­X¥)­Y¦)©þ # !0‘©þ­^>»Ll'ÉDðL‘* # :0ë ê50æ  +6 s6¹~É/йÉNЩ›™~ #!€ ô5Ll'­!_>­!`>©v> ~60ä­`>Í!Э_>Í!РªLõ) # ,:0Ä­!…­!… ]70µ # B:0ª à50¥­€ÉYЭɛХo*¥p* #!0‚¥i…¥i…¥Í`>Ð¥Í_>ЭLl'ÉEÐ& # D:0î ê50é  +6 # € ô5Ll'ÉFÐ& # d:0î ê50é  +6 ##€ ô5Ll'ÉGÐ& # u:0î ê50é  +6 #$€ ô5Ll'ÉIðÉHðL-­\>ÉHÐ # Ž:L6+ # !®:0Ô à50Ï­ɛР­€É0É: # "é:0²¾ ;ç:;;(;­\>ÉHð/ # Ï:0 à50Š­€ÉYЃ­É›Ð÷ #þ ; ô5Ll'¢½2w>©2Êò #;0!­@>)ð @ # û0 # ­@M>)ðM>@¢½w>2Ê÷À ô5Ll'­;8é0ª½?) %0é­;8é0 v#0Þ #;0Ó8­þé;;­ÿé<; # 7;0·8­þéüY,­ÿéZ, # 6ü0›­üA;­ýB;­þE;­ÿF;8­éG;­éH; # =;05­þ¹,­ÿº,8­íþ·,­íÿ¸, # 20 #  ô5Ll' #';0ï8­!éS;­!éT; # I;0Ó8­!éü -­!é - #  ü 0·Ll'ÉJðÉOðLô2­\>ÉJÐ # $U;L;- # $y;0Ô à50Ï­€É›ð5É0#É:°€>­É,Э‚É0É:° >­ƒÉ›ð! # ;0–L- # ñ=0,©1€>>©>®€>½)ðŒ>®>½)’>Р  ô5Ll'MŒ>Œ>ð©”>L°. # %º;0â à50Ý©”> s6À¹ÉRй~É/Ð ©›™~©”>­€É›Ð # ö=0§LQ.8é0ð!É °®à›ð+>Š8é0 É °®‚à›ð # %ß;0kLÈ-¢ m>ÊÐù>­”>ðZ # ®=0L­’> Ù#0D•> # $Í=06­’> Ù#0.–>­’>8é ª½Q)—>©“>­•>Q­’> "À ô5Ll'©‘>©D€­€>©:‚­\>ÉJÐ;©Š>­Œ>ð # $ # <07 ê502­!_>­!`> ȹ€É,ðÉ ðÉ›Ðð‹>©›™€Œ]>ÀР¥ ô5Ll'©v>­\>ÉJð¹|É.Тˆ¹€É?ð É*ðÊÐñ©v> ~60Ì­‹>É›ð¬]>È¢¹€€èÈÀ€ÐôL(/­`>Í!Э_>Í!РªLK/©ƒ>„>…>­!ˆ>­!‰>­‰>Í`>Эˆ>Í_>ðB­Œ>Ð@­”>ð­’>8é ª­•>Q­’> "À0­‘>ð # !D<0 ©ÿü à5 ô5Ll'­ˆ>†>­‰>‡>­ƒ> „> …>‹>­_>>­`>Ž>­ˆ>…­‰>… # ‹<0Á ­€>‘ ]70µ©› # 0¨¥0¥€0 #0“ ˆ¹ƒ>™\ÀÐõ #%0æ­>Á0­Ž>Â08­åí>¿0­æíŽ>À0 #Œ^> ­>‘È­Ž>‘È­X‘m>>È­Y‘mŽ>Ž>¬^>NÀˆÐ~ # 0s©ƒ>„>…>­ˆ>iˆ>­‰>i‰>­‰>Í`>Эˆ>Í_>ðM­Ž>ÍæЭ>Íå°=L@0 #&0) ˆ¹\™ƒ>ÀÐõ #Àˆð‘À0 #  ô5Ll'­”>ð­’>8é ª­–>Q­’> "À0Ú­>‚>­Œ>Ð # &e<0Ä©ÿü à50º­Š>ð*­>¤< #$£<ÀªðÀ0n #!£<0c­’> %0[­†>…­‡>… ­>‘ # —<0³ ]70®©› # 0¡¢ ¥͇>Ð¥͆>Э‹>ТŽ?2¥A2¥B2 # 0/ ±e2ȱf2ȱc2ȱd2 # 0 # :Œ^> # ¬^>Î>ðf 60a # <ª<0Y à50T­€ÉYÐM­É›ÐFLÙ2¥i…¥i…­‰>ÅЭˆ>ÅÐ ­ƒ> „> …>ðLò1΂>ðLŸ1©Š>©‘>LÇ/ ô5Ll'ÉLÐ[ # æ<0î ê50é  +6 s6¢ÿ¹~É/йÉNТ©›™~©ü2©3­!4­!5©6 €© À ô5Ll'ÉMÐ7 # !"=0î à50é  q7ÀÐ # C=0ÕLW3l¹€É›Ðè ~3Ll'ÉKðLó4 # &ü<0ë ê50æ ȹ€É,ðÉ›Ðô # C=0ÍL•3©›™€ÈŒ]>  +6¬]> q7ÀðÚÌ]>ðÕ¹€É›ðÎ¥[=¥\=¥É4¥Ê4ÈŒ]> q7Àð¯Ì]>ðª¥]=¥^=æÐæ8¥íÉ4Ç4¥íÊ4È4©>>¹€É›ðOÈŒ]> q7ÀðAÌ]>ð¥c=¥d=©>¹€É›ð)ÈŒ]> q7ÀðÌ]>ð¥i=¥j=©>¹€É›ðL³3 s6¹~É/йÉAЩ›™~ # €0DL·4 #€06 # Y=0+ # 0 ­>ð # _=0­>ð # e= ô5Ll'ÉNðÉQðL°5­\>ÉQð # k=L5 # >>0Ô à50Ï­É›ð # "é:0½É  ­€«=¤<8é0ãÉ °ßª½?)’>ð4­\>ÉQð3 # #‹=0%­’> Ù#0¨­’>8é ª˜Q­’> "À ô5Ll'­’>8é ª½Q)—>©“> ý%À0ÛLl'ÉPÐ # Dú=0 ê50   +6 %% ô5Ll' # 'p9Ll' #€€` #}ƒ`Œ^>¬^> 60ø`¢©0Ã9Êú¢þÃ9½Ã9É:Щ0Ã9ÊîˆÐé # »9`©D€©1©:‚¢¹€É›ð!¹É:Ð ¹€€ÈÈLd6É0 É:°¹‚É:𢹀€ÈèÉ›Ðô` ÿ©›ÈÙ€Ðú` ˆ¹€™a>ÀÐõ #€0 #d>0­d>É0É:° # `­v>Р¹n>Ùˆ:Јõ0Ì ¹n>Ù‹:Јõ0½ ¹c>É ð™a>ÈÀ Ðñ©.™a>¢ ½a>È™a>èàÐô© È™a>ÀÐø­!…­!…¥Í`>Ð¥Í_>ð ÿÈÀð4¹a>Ñðô¥i…¥i…L7 ˆ¹a>‘ÀÐö­_>i_>­`>i`>L–6¥n7¥o7 # `©…©…¢¹€É›ð3É,ð/ÉA ÉG°8é7L›78é0É °&&&&…ÈÊÐÈ ` èÐýÈú`}DOS 4.0 DISK UTILITY PACKAGE›COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI,INC. ›From ANTIC, The Atari Resource ››0-9. DIRECTORY I. FORMAT DATA DISK›A. COM PROCESSOR J. DUPLICATE DISK›B. RUN CARTRIDGE K. BINARY SAVE›C. COPY FILE L. BINARY LOAD›D. DELETE FILE M. RUN AT ADDRESS›E. RENAME FILE N. CONFIGURE DRIVE›F. LOCK FILE O. DUPLICATE FILE›G. UNLOCK FILE P. MERGE DCF›H. WRITE DOS Q. IDENTIFY MODE››››SELECT ITEM OR ÒÅÔÕÒÎ FOR MENU››RESPOND "0" THRU "9", OR "A" THRU "Q"›DISK 1 DIRECTORY - SEARCH SPEC?›*.*›ERROR - 000›NO CARTRIDGE›COPY FILE - GIVE SOURCE,DEST››GIVE AN ANSWER LIKE "SRC.FIL,DST.FIL"››DELETE WHICH FILE?›TYPE "Y" TO DELETE...›?›RENAME - GIVE OLD_NAME,NEW_NAME›LOCK WHICH FILE?›UNLOCK WHICH FILE?›SYSCOMWRITE DOS FILES - DRIVE NUMBER?›FORMAT DATA DISK - DRIVE NUMBER?›TYPE "Y" TO FORMAT DISK 1››GIVE A RESPONSE LIKE "1" OR "2"››D1:›D1:QDOS.SYS›D1:QDUP.SYS›D1:DISKUTIL.COM›ÿÿü1àãŠ2Îÿÿàá^'ü ADUP DISK - SOURCE_DRIVE,DEST_DRIVE?›DUP FILE - SOURCE_DRIVE,DEST_DRIVE?››GIVE A RESPONSE LIKE "1,2"››SWAPPING REQUIRED - HOW MANY COPIES?›GIVE A RESPONSE BETWEEN "1" AND "99"›GIVE NAME(S) OF FILE(S) TO MOVE››INSERT BOTH DISKS, TYPE RETURN››INSERT SOURCE DISK, TYPE RETURN››INSERT DESTINATION DISK, TYPE RETURN›READING --- WRITING --- D8:*.*›DO YOU WANT TO COMPLETE THE OTHER›COPIES? TYPE "Y" IF YES.›LOAD FROM WHICH FILE?›SAVE - GIVE FILE,START,END,[RUN,INIT]›GIVE HEX ADDRESS AT WHICH TO RUN››INVALID HEX ADDRESS››ÿÿàáâãCONFIGURE DRIVE - DRIVE NUMBER?›DESIRED CONFIGURATION FOR DRIVE 8?›CONFIGURATION FOR SOURCE DISK?›CONFIGURATION FOR DESTINATION DISK?›1,1›ÿ1›MERGE DISK CONFIGURATION FILE INTO›UTILITY PACKAGE - GIVE FILE NAME›IDENTIFY MODE - DRIVE NUMBER?›H,*„hB!R€&Åÿÿž>A,*„hB!R€>&ŵ\"R€7.-ATARI 810, 1050:› *A. SS/SD B. SS/2D›``?AhB!R€\9h ø~!RU&h ÷B!CNE­CONFIGURATION-BLOCK DRIVES:› C. SS/SD D. SS/DD E. DS/DD› €©@©N©ü©© ©  Yä01­i¨±ÈÈȱÈÈȱÈÈȱ©€©O YäÀ€ð¨`8é ` ¯‘©P©€© © © ©ü©¥il…¥i… €ˆ±™üÀÐö©€ Yä0î ¥i€…¥i…­ ÉÐÓ `©1©©N©@©ü©©© © © ©  Yä0#©©©©©O©€ Yä8`©R©@©©©©© ©®ð©  Yä0Ê­… ­… ­üÎüðÎüðî î©@ Yä0 äL©©©O©€ Yä8`©R©@©©©©© ©®ð©  Yä0Ê­… ­ÿÿ,!'"%*K:›D:QHELP.DAT›­ÆÈ¢þ¥X…Ô¥Y…Õèè¥Ôiü ¥Õiý  '©à,ЩR‘Ôˆû¥Ôi(…Ô¥Õi…Õà.ÐÏ¢ ©0D©!E©J©K©B Vä0:¢©3D©!E©J©K©B Vä0 û$¢© B Vä¢ © B Vä`hh¢©0 #Êú¢þ #½ #É:Щ0 #ÊîˆÐé© 0" "É€ÐùLÃ!¢ ©H©I©B VäÀ€ð À0äÉ›("##ð)`©€`ª½_"…Ö½`"…×­*!…Ô­+!…Õ¬,!©‘ÔˆûȱÖÉ›ð8é ‘ÔLO"`m"‘"¶"Ò"ð"##SELECT TOPIC OR PRESS BREAK TO EXIT›SELECT TOPIC OR RETURN FOR LAST MENU›PRESS SPACE BAR TO CONTINUE›PRESS SPACE BAR FOR LAST MENU›PRESS BREAK TO EXIT››ERROR 000 - PRESS BREAK TO EXIT$#U#›®-!½ü …Ô½ý …Õ©¬,!‘ÔˆûÊÊè`¢©H©I©B Vä`ô#õ#÷#ú#@ `ü#÷$­ö#ðÎö#© ` A#0É€ð É °ÉР@`ɂРA`8é‚ö#L$ A#0ê¨****)ª˜]÷# ` %#®ó#¢Žó#Ž¥#Ž¦#Ž§#½¥#\½¦#]½§#^¢©%B Vä0>©.!ö# A#01V#Éð+ mV#ô#¢©WD©#E­ô#H­õ#I©B Vä`®.!½ü …Ô½ý …Õ Œ/! ü#0èÀ@Э.!Í-!ð î.!î.!L¶$ÀAР`¬/!Ì,!ð°Õî/!‘Ôø$®%LÈ$©ýó#© 0" C$À€ðLØ!`®V#Ð ©®ó#ЩL2%©à ©®ó#Щ 0" "Éð¿É€ðÑɛР­ó#8éó#L%É Ð®V#ðë©à°ÖLŽ%®V#àÌÉ °i@ÉaÉ{°8é 8éAµÍV#°°îó#îó#îó#û# mû#¨®ó#¹W#¥#¹X#¦#¹Y#§#L%àá?! "Éð¿É€ðÑɛР­ó#8éó#L%É Ð®V#ðë©à°ÖLŽ%®V#àÌÉ °i@ÉaÉ{°8é 8éAµÍV#°°îó#îó#îó#û# mû#¨®ó#¹W#¥#¹X#¦#¹Y#§#Lÿÿü÷¨hQiªhRiHŠH˜H  Oª OBÉðÉ ° OH OIL? OJ OK OD OEhLVäȹÿÿ` ü ¹i0" '0©} ü 0 ü "0 'l  ¥­€ÉDÐ*¢àð$½€íèÉ ðÉ,ðÉ›Ðé ü €À§ð À 1Lq©} ü 0· ü d4 0ó '0î ¥­€ÉDÐ ü€Œh ü øó¬h 1LÊ ü ý0à ü 0Õ ü ™˜!0¤L_ ü€€`Œh¬h =0ø`¢©0/ Êú¢þ/ ½/ É:Щ0/ ÊîˆÐé ü & `}DOS 4 BASIC GO PROGRAM GENERATOR›COPYRIGHT 1984 THE HAPPY HERO›FROM ANTIC - THE ATARI RESOURCE››This program creates a machine-›language pôïrogram that loads and runs›an Atari BASIC program. Possible›uses are (1) having a BASIC program›load and run automatically when you›turn on the computer, and (2) being›able to load and run a BASIC program›directly from the Command Processor›menu.›››ðëPress RETURN to proceed or press›BREAK to exit.››››Insert the disk containing the BASIC›program and then type the name of the›disk file which contains the program›(for example, D:MYPROG.BAS). Note›that this file must have been created›by Atari BASIC'sìç SAVE command. Do›not enclose the file name in quotes.››››ERROR - 000›››Give the name of the disk file into›which the machine-language program is›to be placed. Use D:AUTORUN.SYS if›you want the BASIC program to run›automatically when you turn on the›è ã!computer. Use a name ending in .COM›(for example, D:MYPROG.COM) if you›want the program to be listed in the›Command Processor menu. Do not›enclose the file name in quotes.›››}›Your BASIC go program has been writ-›ten to the disk.››Press RETURN if youä!0" want to create›another BASIC go program, or press›BREAK to return to DOS.›››Ÿÿÿàá  ü­ü¿Ð @xÔ­ü¿¢ÿŽü¿ìü¿ü¿ŒÔXÐ`¬@¹H¹I© ™©™¢½ð Ê÷©°¤©¥­Å°­ÆÅ­¦i¹­§iº¥ … ©…¢ÿš©D­ú¿8骭û¿éHŠH©ÿÔlþ¿°ì­°ð©} ð­°Å©°îÏÐîЮçà›Ð¬@­H™­I™Š `RUN "àáT¦i¹­§iº¥ … ©…¢ÿš©D­ú¿8骭û¿éHŠH©ÿÔlþ¿°ì­°ðÿÿüS¨hQiªhRiHŠH˜H  Oª OBÉðÉ ° OH OIL? OJ OK OD OEhLVäȹÿÿ`VXD1:id8­åé€f­æég ü0ä ü ¨0õ Ì0ðÉYð ÉNÐó èl è0Ý ü Ý0Ò õÀ0ËÉðêU ü ñ0¹ õÀ0²ÉðêŽWMUhð ü L÷ ü !* 0Œ )0‡©ÿT ¹Œ™|ÈÀpÐõîT­TÉ@Ð ü / 0õ )0ûL…)Ð"­TJJJii ©i ©|© C0­|)ÀðÀÉ@ðLL ­e`} ~ðò­ €ðê©m ¢½|É ð ™YÈèà Ðð©.™YÈ¢ ½|É ð ™YÈèàÐð©›™YŒ½ ü ‡ 0S ü Y0H ü ” 0= Ì08ÉYð ÉNÐó è0+L è0#©Ì…© …­ ­€ ©ü© CB©0u v w îw ­w É:©0w îv ­v É:©0v îu ˆÐÜ ü j 0õ )0ûL…­yJJÍTð ¤L ­y)a\€­z­{ð¬{ˆ¹ü‘ÀÐö¥m{…æ­ €ð4­}ÐÎ~Î}­} ~ð´¥ÍgÐ¥Íf°Lð S0© mLèL  S0øL ü0)É É@) @À`½ ü ½` Ì0.É0÷É:°óª½)ÐŽÈŠ è0 ü À©`HŠH èhªh`©ÿü ü0 É›Ðñ© è`­U­; Ä`­hÐ ü ]XK 0P )0K ü V0C8¥éÌ¥é ­ ð ü Ì 0! ü 0­hÐ ü !* 0 )À`˜H ü h¨`©1©@©©€© ­H8é ª¼` ­GH©G˜H) Ñ YähhGhÀ`K:›}DOS 2 TO DOS 4 CONVERSION PROGRAM›COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI,INC. ›FROYT M ANTIC - THE ATARI RESOURCE››Do you want to convert files from›DOS 2 format to DOS 4 format? (Y/N) ››››Drive 1 is not supported.››Source Drive? (0-9) Destination Drive? (0-9) Insert both disks, press RETURN Insert source disk, press RETURN Insert desU Ë t disk, press RETURN ›››ERROR - 000››Press RETURN Convert file ? (Y/N) ›››All files have been converted››Press RETURN àái Ë t disk, press RETURN ››ÿÿ|Ó¨hÑiªhÒiHŠH˜H  Ϫ ÏBÉðÉ ° ÏH ÏIL¿ ÏJ ÏK ÏD ÏEhLVäȹÿÿ`×ÙD1:êå8­åé€ç­æéè | 0ä | ¨" 0õ Ù0ðÉYð ÉNÐó õl õ0Ý | ê 0Ò À0ËÉðêÖ | þ 0¹ À0²ÉðêŽØMÖéð | !Lx | !7!0Œ 60‡©ÿÔ© © ©ü© PL# ¹Œ™|ÈÀpÐõîÔ­ÔÉ@Ð | /ª!0õ 60ûL)Ð"­ÔJJJi ©i ©|æá© P0­Ôð ­|)Àð»ÉÀðL L#­ˆðõÉЭŠ ‹ðé­ŠÐ΋Ί­Š)ÿŠ­‹)‹Š.‹NŠ©z ¢½|É ð ™ÚÈèà Ðð©.™ÚÈ¢ ½|É ð ™ÚÈèà Ðð©›™ÚŒ„ | ”!00 | Ú0% | ¡!0 Ù0ÉYð ÉNÐó õ0L  õL#®ˆè­‰ÉýðÉ0¨¹üÊÐñ ¤L#ÊÐø©Õ©Ù…©!…­‰ âÝ©  .  .  . ­  Õ ­ i ­ i ©ü© PB©0‚!ƒ!„!î„!­„!É:©0„!îƒ!­ƒ!É:©0ƒ!î‚!ˆÐÜ | w!0õ 60ûL €ˆ¹ü‘ÀÐö¬‰¾üàýЭÕÍ‹ð@¥i€…¥i…îÕ­ÕÉÐŽ‰©Õ¥ÍèÐ¥Íç°LÝ `0© zLÕL#¥8mŠ…¥i… `0êL  |ÞÙ0)É É@) @À`Ê | Ê ` Ù0.É0÷É:°óª½)ÐŽÕ Š õ0 | Í ©`HŠH õhªh`©ÿü |0 É›Ðñ© õ`­Ö­; Ñ`­éÐ | X!0P 60K | ×0C8¥éÙœ¥é!­œ ð | Ù!0! | 0­éÐ | !7!0 6À`˜H | h¨`©1©@ÚÕ ©©€© ­H8é ª¼` ­GH©G˜H) Ñ YähhGhÀ`K:›}DOS 3 TO DOS 4 CONVERSION PROGRAM›COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI,INC. ›FROM ANTIC - THE ATARI RESOURCE››Do you want to convert files from›DOS 3 format to DOS 4 format? (Y/N) ››››Drive 1Ö Ñ! is not supported.››Source Drive? (0-9) Destination Drive? (0-9) Insert both disks, press RETURN Insert source disk, press RETURN Insert dest disk, press RETURN ›››ERROR - 000››Press RETURN Convert file ? (Y/N) ›››All files have been converted››Press Ò!Ø!RETURN àáê disk, preÿÿü÷¨hQiªhRiHŠH˜H  Oª OBÉðÉ ° OH OIL? OJ OK OD OEhLVäȹÿÿ`©ð ü xd0 üÜ0 ü0É›ÐñL„l ü `ß0ò©0F ü ?0â®F½)Ð ü L0ÍLÚÉ  ü Z0»LÚi0_ ü ^0§îF­FÉ:а ü a0’ üøó0óÉ›Ð$­?)ð?­H)ðH¢Š]?)]??ÊÐñL„)É0ÇÉ:°Ãõ˜ ü êà0° ü0¥)8é0îÉ °ê®õ])]L„}DOS 4 DISK DRIVE NUMBER REDIRECTION›COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI,INC. ›FROM ANTIC - THE ATARI RESOURCE››This program lets you redirect disk›drive nuôïmbers so that each of the ten›logical drives refers to whichever of›the eight physical drives you want.››The "logical drives" are the drive›numbers which appear in file names.›They are numbered from D0: to D9:.››The "physical drives" are the actual›pieðëces of hardware. They are numbered›from 1 to 8.››In the default configuration, logical›drives D1: to D8: refer to physical›drives 1 to 8 respectively, while D0:›and D9: are not supported.››Press RETURN to proceed or press›BREAK to exit.K:›}› Logical ìç| Currently refers to› drive | physical drive› --------+--------------------› D0: | not supported›???› 1›››Press 0-9 to select a logical drive› -or-›Press RETURN to restore the default›configuration› -or-›Press BREAK to exit.›LoèÉgical drive D0: › ›Press 1-8 to select a physical drive › -or- ›Press 0 if logical drive D0: is not ›to be supported. ›àáT drive › -or- ÿÿü÷¨hQiªhRiHŠH˜H  Oª OBÉðÉ ° OH OIL? OJ OK OD OEhLVäȹÿÿ`l üÇ©ð ü çð0ä 0ß ü ×0Ô E0Ï ü î0Ä ^0¿ ü 0´ w0¯ ü 60¤ ™0ŸÉAÐq©ð ü ¨R0ê 0å ü oú 0Ú ü·À‰ðèÀ0É­·É›ð6­¸É›Ðøó­·8é0ÎÉÊÉ Lέ·É1м­¸8é0´É°°i  ’L`ÉBÐl ü oi!0ž E0ù¢½H!ÊÐø©ª½Q)@Њiò ü jØ"0ÔLq ü YB#0Æ ü V›#0» ™0¶É›ð¢ÉDð¢€ÉSÐëŽ ’L`ÉCÐ6 ü Öñ#0Ö ^0Ñ ü ?Ç%0Æ ™0ÁÉ›ð¢ÿÉCð¢ÉDÐëŽÕL`ÉDÐ6 ü ÷&0Ù w0Ô ü Fý'0É ô¶™0ÄÉ›ð¢PÉFð¢WÉSÐëŽ:L`L°­É ©1 ü 0­8é i0 ü 0 ©› ü `­ð ü Ê` ü Ñ`­Õð ü æ` ü â`­:ÉPð ü Ø` ü Ý`©…l ü0É›ð)É É@ç) @`ÇÂK:›Single›Double›Slow›Fast›DOS›Cartridge›}DOS 4 PARAMETER SETTING PROGRAM›COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI,INC. ›FROM ANTIC - THE ATARI RESOURCE›› This program allows you to change›the values of the four DOS 4 para-›meters listed below. Once you alter›a paraþmeter, it will retain its new›value until you change it again or›turn off the computer. The WRITE DOS›command in the Disk Utility Package›will save the new values on the disk.››› Parameter Current Value› --------- -------------¿º›A. Number of Buffers...B. Size of Buffers.....C. Boot Controller.....D. Disk Write Speed....››Select a parameter to modify or press›BREAK to exit.} The number of buffers you allocate›determines how many disk files you›can have open simultaneously. »¶ Allo-›cating more buffers lets you have›more disk files open, but also leaves›less memory for programs.›› If you want to have N disk files›open simultaneously and there are D›disk drives attached to your computer›then the number of buffers required›i· ²!s N+MIN(N,D).››The default number is....5›The current number is....› Type a number from 2 to 16 to›change the number of buffers or press›RETURN to leave the number unchanged.››} DOS 4 can use either single-›size buffers or double-size buffers.›Sing³!®"le-size buffers each occupy 128›bytes of memory, and double-size›buffers each occupy 256 bytes of›memory. The use of double-size›buffers leaves less memory for›programs, but some disk drive models›require the use of double-size›buffers.›››The default ¯"ª#size is....Double›The current size is....›› Your disk system, as currently›configured, will work with either›single-size or double-size buffers.››› Your disk system, as currently›configured, requires the use of›double-size buffers.›› Press D to s«#¦$elect double-size›buffers, or press S to select single-›size buffers.›} The Boot Controller is the program›that gets control when you turn on›the computer.›› If you select "DOS" then the›Command Processor will get control,›even if there is a cartri§$¢%dge in the›computer. If you select "Cartridge"›then the cartridge will get control›(unless there is no cartridge, in›which case the Command Processor will›get control). Built-in BASIC behaves›as if it were a cartridge.››The default controller is...Ca£%ž&rtridge›The current controller is...›› Press C to select "Cartridge" or›press D to select "DOS".›} DOS 4 can write to the disk›using either "fast writes" or "slow›writes". When slow writes are used,›all data written to the disk is›automatically reŸ&š'-read and verified.›When fast writes are used, there is›no verification. However, fast›writes are two to seven times faster›than slow writes. (Note: even if you›select fast writes, certain critical›data - the disk directory and disk›map - will still ›'B(be written using›slow writes.)›››The default write speed is....Fast›The current write speed is....›› Press F to select fast writes, or›press S to select slow writes.›àáWrite ÿÿü÷¨hQiªhRiHŠH˜H  Oª OBÉðÉ ° OH OIL? OJ OK OD OEhLVäȹÿÿ`©…©ð ü¬ ¹ð"ÉRðÈÈÈÐò ü ½¯0 üõl ü 9l0ò ü0çÉ›Ðñ©P©©?©@©©©© © © ©  YäÀ€ð ü _¥0Lšløó   ˆ¹™ÀÐõ Yä0Ù­èÉ Ð­çÉü° ©üç© è¥ ¥ ­ç… ­è… ­çx­èy­çiç­èiè­ç ­è ˆ¹‘ ÀÐö  ¢¹ ÿÿ™‘ʈó­xi… ­yi… ÿÿ ü L0 üõl K:›}DOS 4 LOADER FOR RS-232-C HANDLER›COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI,INC. ›› ôïThe RS-232-C handler has already›been loaded into the computer. It›cannot be loaded in again.›› Press BREAK to exit.›}DOS 4 LOADER FOR RS-232-C HANDLER›COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI,INC. ›FROM ANTIC - THE ATARI RESOURCE›› This program will load the›RS-2ðë32-C handler into the computer.›The RS-232-C handler must be loaded›before you can use the RS-232-C›module.›› Press RETURN to load the RS-232-C›handler, or press BREAK to exit.››› The RS-232-C module does not›respond. Press RETURN to try again,›orì` press BREAK to exit.›››` ÿÿ©ÿç©ÿèLÿÿ The RS-232-C handler has been›successfully loaded. Press BREAK to›exit.›àáTrì` press BREAK to exit.›››` ÿÿ©ÿç©ÿèLÿÿ The RS-232-C handler has been›successfully loaded. Press BREAK to›exit.›àáT;FILE QDOSEQU›;9/15/83›;COPYRIGHT 1983 ATARI,INC. ›;›;This file contains equates for the›;fixed memory locations in QDOS.›;›;›DOSORG EQU $701 ;FMS origin›LOADER EQU $70A ;Binary loader›KERNEL EQU $70D ;Kernel binary loader›BUFMAX EQU $710 ;# of sector buffers›BUFSIZ EQU $711 ;Size of buffers›AUTSPC EQU $712 ;Disk config filespec›DUPSPC EQU $722 ;CP filespec›DUPLO EQU $732 ;Kernel low address›DUPHI EQU $734 ;Kernel high address›DUPFLG EQU $736 ;Overwrite flag›BLDFLG EQU $737 ;Bin load error stat›DUPRES EQU $738 ;Reserved for CP›WRCOMD EQU $73A ;SIO data write cmd›RDCOMD EQU $73B ;SIO read cmd›DWCOMD EQU $73C ;SIO map write cmd›STCOMD EQU $73D ;SIO status cmd›SDTYPE EQU $73E ;Shadow for DTYPE+1›DTYPE EQU $73F ;Drive # indirection›MAPOFF EQU $748 ;Drive density›CONTYP EQU $751 ;Drive configuration›DENSTY EQU $751 ;Flags & type code›SCPERB EQU $752 ;# sectors per block›VTCSEC EQU $753 ;VTOC sector›FSTSEC EQU $755 ;First sector›LOBLK EQU $757 ;First block›HIBLK EQU $758 ;Last block›DIRBLK EQU $759 ;Directory block›DIRSEC EQU $75A ;# sectors in direct.›DIRCNT EQU $75B ;# blocks in direct.›DSPERB EQU $75C ;# logical sec/block›FMCOMD EQU $75D ;SIO format cmd›MODEID EQU $75E ;Disk mode ID code›DRVRES EQU $75F ;Reserved›UNIT EQU $760 ;Unit #, PIO bypass›RRVECT EQU $7D1 ;SIO/PIO interception›CRTENV EQU $7D4 ;Cart. environ. flag›CTBOOT EQU $7D5 ;Boot to cart. flag›REQEOL EQU $7D6 ;Filespec rule relax.›BUFFER EQU $17FC ;Sector buffers›DUPORG EQU $1BFC ;CP origin›VMENU EQU $1BFC ;CP run vector›VMENLO EQU $1BFE ;CP run low address›VMENHI EQU $1C00 ;CP run high address›UTLORG EQU $20FC ;DUP origin›UTLTOP EQU $2103 ;Ptr. to top of DUP›MODNUM EQU $2105 ;# of drive modes›MDLNUM EQU $2106 ;# of drive models›MODTAB EQU $2107 ;Drive mode table›MDLTAB EQU $2137 ;Drive model table›AUTOSP EQU $2147 ;Autorun filespec›06 ;# of drive models›MODTAB EQU $2107 ;Drive mode table›MDLTAB EQU $2137 ;Drive model ¿ w6D¿Mƒ‹··Æ1†Disk Operating System 4.0‰On-Line Help System„Copyright 1984 ATARI,INC. ƒFrom ANTIC - The Atari ResourceA. How to use the help systemB. General informationC. Disk drive numbersD. File specifications and wildcardsE. The DOS 4 File Management SystemF. The DOS 4 Command ProcessorG. The DOS 4 Disk Utility PackageH. Advanced informationI. Input/Output error codesJ. Configuring DOS 4 to your system‚ÇHOW TO USE THE HELP SYSTEM„The information in the help systemis organized into "screens".ƒTo movefrom screen to screen, you press thespace bar, the letter keys A-Z, theRETURN key, and the ESC key.„Most screens contain text for youto read.ƒPress the space bar to movefrom one text screen to the next.When you reach the last text screen ina sequence, press the space bar toreturn to the previous menu.„Some screens contain menus oftopics.ƒTo select a topic, press oneone of the letter keys A-Z.‚At any time, you may:- Press the RETURN key to go back toƒthe previous menu.- Press the ESC key to go back to theƒmain menu.- Press the BREAK key to exit from theƒhelp system and return to DOS.‚®†GENERAL INFORMATION ON DOS 4„The DOS 4 Disk Operating System isa program which controls disk driveson Atari computers.ƒDOS 4 can beconfigured to run a variety ofdifferent disk drives, single-densityor double-density, and single-sided ordouble-sided.„DOS 4 consists of three separateparts:1. The File Management System (FMS)2. The Command Processor (CP)3. The Disk Utility Package (DUP)„The FMS remains in computer memoryall the time, while the CP and DUPremain on the disk and are loaded intomemory only when needed.‚Þ„The File Management System main-tains the file structure on the disk.It performs disk input/output (I/O)commands like OPEN, CLOSE, INPUT, andPRINT.ƒThe DOS 4 FMS supports all thecommands accepted by Atari DOS 2.0.Virtually all software written forDOS 2.0 or DOS 3 will also work onDOS 4.„The Command Processor displays amenu of all the programs on a disk andruns any of them with a single key-stroke.ƒThe CP also lets you examinethe disk directory (a list of all thefiles on the disk) or run the car-tridge (if a cartridge is installed).‚„The Disk Utility Package performs awide variety of manipulations on diskfiles, such as copying, locking andunlocking, renaming, and deleting.Among the most useful commands in theDUP are those which copy files fromone disk to another or duplicate anentire disk even if you have only onedisk drive.‚ "‹DISK DRIVE NUMBERS„There are three different types ofdisk drive numbers:1. Physical drive numbers2. Logical drive numbers3. Unit numbers„Physical drive numbers correspondto the actual pieces of hardware.They range from 1 to 8.„Physical drive numbers are assignedfirst to disk drives on the parallelbus and second to disk drives on theserial bus.ƒFor example, if you havetwo parallel bus drives and threeserial bus drives then the parallelbus drives are 1 and 2 and the serialbus drives are 3, 4, and 5.‚7„Logical drive numbers are numberswhich appear in the names of diskfiles.ƒThere are ten different logic-al drive numbers, ranging from D0: toD9:.ƒAny time the computer asks youto specify a disk drive, give thelogical number of the drive.„Normally, logical drive numbers D1:through D8: refer to physical drives1 through 8 respectively, while logic-al drive numbers D0: and D9: are notsupported.ƒYou can change the assign-ment of logical drive numbers tophysical drive numbers by using theREDIRECT utility program.‚„Unit numbers are numbers that thecomputer uses to communicate with diskdrives.ƒThey range from P1 to P8 fordrives on the parallel bus, and fromS1 to S8 for drives on the serial bus.„On each bus, unit numbers areassigned beginning with 1.ƒFor exam-ple, if you have two parallel busdrives and three serial bus drives,the parallel bus drives are units P1and P2, and the serial bus drives areunits S1, S2, and S3.„Most serial bus drives have switch-es you must set to indicate the unitnumber.ƒParallel bus drives determinetheir own unit numbers automatically.‚ƒFILE SPECIFICATIONS AND WILDCARDS„The data on a disk is organizedinto files.ƒEach file has a name.To access a disk file, you must giveits name so that DOS 4 will know whichfile you are referring to.„The name of a disk file is alwaysin the form of a file specification(or "filespec" for short).ƒA filespecconsists of three parts:1. A device specification2. A primary file name3. An optional extender‚À„The device specification indicateson which disk drive the file is locat-ed.ƒIt consists of the uppercase let-ter "D", followed by a digit (0-9),followed by a colon.ƒNormally, devicespecifications "D1:" through "D8:"refer to disk drives 1 through 8,while "D0:" and "D9:" are not support-ed.ƒThe digit in the device specifi-cation is optional; if it is omitted(as in "D:") then 1 is assumed.„The primary file name consists ofone to eight characters. Each char-acter must be either an uppercaseletter (A-Z), a lowercase letter(a-z), or a digit (0-9).ƒThe firstcharacter must be a letter.ƒLowercaseletters are automatically converted touppercase by DOS 4.‚”„The extender, which is optional,consists of a period followed by zeroto three characters. Each charactermust be either a letter or a digit;lowercase letters are automaticallyconverted to uppercase.„Examples of valid filespecs are"D:MYPROG.BAS", "D:Chapter4.Txt","D2:paper.7", and "D1:r1245".WILDCARDS„There are two wildcard characterswhich may be used within file names(both the primary and the extender):the question mark "?" and the star"*".‚„The question mark "?" matches anycharacter (including a blank).ƒForexample, "D:WH?" matches "D:WHO" and"D:WHY" and "D:WH", but not "D:WHEN".„The star "*" is equivalent to pad-ding the rest of the field (primary orextender) with question marks.ƒForexample, "D:WH*" will match "D:WHO"and "D:WHEN" but not "D:WAVE".ƒThefilespec "D:*.BAS" will match all filenames with extender ".BAS", and"D:*.*" will match anything.„If a wildcard is used in a filespecin an OPEN or STATUS command, thefirst file in the disk directory whichmatches the filespec is used.ƒIn aRENAME, DELETE, LOCK, or UNLOCK com-mand, the indicated operation is doneon all files that match.‚Ñ>/R2‹4648 :];f<e=7?JAXBÚ„THE DOS 4 FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMA. Input/output control blocks (IOCBs)B. The OPEN commandC. The CLOSE commandD. The GET and INPUT commandsE. The PUT and PRINT commandsF. The STATUS commandG. The RENAME commandH. The DELETE commandI. The LOCK commandJ. The UNLOCK commandK. The POINT commandL. The NOTE commandM. The FORMAT commandN. AUTORUN.SYS files‚„An input/output control block(IOCB) is a block of memory used tocontrol an input/output operation.Every I/O operation in progress musthave an IOCB associated with it.„There are eight IOCBs, numbered 0through 7.ƒAtari BASIC uses IOCB 0,so in BASIC programs you may use onlyIOCBs 1 through 7.ƒIn assembly lan-guage programs, you may use all eightIOCBs.‚©ÿ#$'¬)a*Ï,Õ„The OPEN command establishes a lineof communication to a disk file.ƒYoumust OPEN a disk file before you canread data from it or write data to it.In BASIC, the command takes the form„OPEN #iocb,aux1,aux2,filespec„Here "iocb" is a number from 1 to 7which indicates the IOCB to be usedfor this file, and "filespec" is astring which contains the file speci-fication.„"Aux1" is a code number with thefollowing meanings.ƒSelect thedesired topic for further information:A. 4 = INPUTŒE.ƒ9 = APPENDB. 5 = BAD FILE INPUTƒF. 12 = UPDATEC. 6 = DIRECTORY READƒG. 14 = VERIFYD. 8 = OUTPUT‚„The OPEN INPUT command takes theform„OPEN #iocb,4,0,filespec„This command establishes a line ofcommunication to the specified file(which must already exist) and allowsyou to read data from the file, be-ginning with the first byte of thefile.„A file open for input may beaccessed with the GET, INPUT, NOTE,and POINT commands.‚"Q„The OPEN BAD FILE INPUT commandtakes the form„OPEN #iocb,5,fill,filespecwhere "fill" is the numerical code ofa character to be used to fill in badsectors of the file.„OPEN BAD FILE INPUT is the same asOPEN INPUT except that handling oferrors is different.ƒIf a bad sectoris encountered while reading a fileopen for input then DOS 4 issues anerror message and freezes the file.If a bad sector is encountered whilereading a file open for bad file inputthen DOS 4 replaces it with a sectorof fill characters, does not issue anerror message, and continues readingthe file.‚„The OPEN BAD FILE INPUT command en-ables you to recover all the readableportions of a file which contains badsectors.„A file open for bad file input maybe accessed by the GET, INPUT, andNOTE commands.‚$ù„The OPEN DIRECTORY READ commandtakes the form„OPEN #iocb,6,0,filespec„This command allows you to read thedisk directory using the INPUT and GETcommands.ƒFor each directory entrywhich matches the given filespec,DOS 4 returns an eighteen-characterrecord of the following form:1. A star if the file is locked, or a„blank if the file is not locked.2. A blank.3. Eight characters giving the primary„file name, left justified and„padded with blanks.‚&|4. Three characters giving the extend-„er, left justified and padded with„blanks.5. A blank.6. Three digits giving the number of„sectors allocated to the file.7. A carriage return.„Following the last such record,DOS 4 sends this 17-character record:1. Three digits giving the number of„free sectors on the disk.2. The phrase " FREE SECTORS".3. A carriage return.‚„If the disk has more than 999sectors, then the numbers appearing inthe directory are a fraction of thetrue sector counts.ƒFor Atari 1050drives in dual-density mode and forPercom-compatible drives in double-sided double-density mode, the numbersin the directory are half the truesector counts.‚„The OPEN OUTPUT command takes theform„OPEN #iocb,8,0,filespec„This command establishes a line ofcommunication to the specified fileand allows you to write data to thefile, beginning with the first byte ofthe file.ƒIf the file does not al-ready exist then it is created; if thefile does exist then it is erased(provided that it is not locked).„A file open for output may beaccessed by the PUT, PRINT, and NOTEcommands.‚„The OPEN APPEND command takes theform„OPEN #iocb,9,0,filespec„This command establishes a line ofcommunication to the specified file(which must already exist and beunlocked) and allows you to write datato the file.ƒData written to the fileis added on to the end of the file.„A file open for append may beaccessed by the PUT, PRINT, and NOTEcommands.‚„The OPEN UPDATE command takes theform„OPEN #iocb,12,0,filespec„This command establishes a line ofcommunication to the specified file(which must already exist and beunlocked) and allows you to both readdata from the file and write data tothe file, beginning with the firstbyte of the file.ƒData written to thefile overwrites the previous contentsof the file.ƒA file open for updatemay not be extended.„A file open for update may be ac-cessed by the GET, INPUT, PUT, PRINT,POINT, and NOTE commands.‚„The OPEN VERIFY command takes theform„@zQDOS SYS@ CONFIG SYS@dQDUP SYS@ &DISKUTILCOM@QHELP COM@=GOBASIC COM@e"READDOS2COM@u$READDOS3COM@m'REDIRECTCOM@z)SETPARAMCOM@.RS232C COM@)0QDOSEQU @GK3QHELP DATR|  !#%&(*+,-/12456789:;<=>?@ADEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{}~OPEN #iocb,14,0,filespec„This command establishes a line ofcommunication to the specified file(which must already exist) and allowsyou to both read data from the fileand write data to the file, beginningwith the first byte of the file.However, data written to the file isnot sent to the disk.ƒInstead, DOS 4reads from the disk the data alreadyin the file and compares it to thedata you write; if the two do notagree, DOS 4 returns ERROR 174.ƒThecontents of the file is unchanged.„A file open for verify may be ac-cessed by the GET, INPUT, PUT, PRINT,POINT, and NOTE commands.‚1d„The CLOSE command takes the form„CLOSE #iocb„This command causes DOS 4 to writeout to the file any data stored in itsinternal buffers, update the disk dir-ectory, release all internal resourcesused to support the file, and free theIOCB.„A file opened for output will notappear in the directory until it hasbeen closed.ƒFailure to close a fileopened for output causes all datawritten to the file to be lost (how-ever, sectors allocated to the fileare not lost; they remain availablefor use by other files).‚„If a file opened for append is notclosed, the appended data is lost.The original contents of the fileremains intact.„If a file opened for update is notclosed, one sector of data may belost.„Failure to close a file opened forinput, bad file input, or verify willnot cause any harm.‚„The GET command reads one byte fromthe disk file.ƒIn BASIC, this commandtakes the form„GET #iocb,varwhich places into the arithmetic var-iable "var" the numerical value of thebyte.„The INPUT command reads one or morerecords from the disk file.ƒIt takesthe form„INPUT #iocb,var_1,...,var_nwhere each "var" is either an arith-metic variable or a string variable.‚„The PUT command writes one byte ofdata to the disk file.ƒIn BASIC ittakes the form„PUT #iocb,expwhere "exp" is an arithmetic expres-sion which gives the numerical valueof the byte to be written.„The PRINT command writes a recordto the disk file.ƒIt takes the form„PRINT #iocb;exp_1;...;exp_nwhere each "exp" is either an arith-metic or a string expression.ƒAfter"exp_1" through "exp_n" are written,a carriage return (which indicatesend-of-record) is written; the car-riage return can be suppressed byplacing a semicolon after exp_n.‚„The STATUS command takes two dif-ferent forms.ƒWhich form you usedepends on whether the file whosestatus you want to check is open orclosed.„If the file is open, use the form„STATUS #iocb,varThis stores a status code into thearithmetic variable "var".ƒIf thefile has been frozen due to an error,"var" contains the error code. If thefile has not been frozen, "var" con-tains the value 1.„If the file is closed, use the form„XIO 13,#iocb,0,0,filespec‚„In BASIC, the RENAME command takesthe form„XIO 32,#iocb,0,0,filespecThis command changes the name of adisk file.ƒIn the RENAME command, thefilespec has a special form: a devicespecification, followed by the oldfilename and extender, followed by acomma, followed by the new filenameand extender.ƒFor example, use"D:BLUE.BAS,GREEN.BAS" to change thename of file BLUE.BAS to GREEN.BAS.„If wildcards are used in the file-spec, all files which match the file-spec are renamed.„When you use the RENAME command, becareful not to create two or more diskfiles with the same name.‚„In BASIC, the DELETE command takesthe form„XIO 33,#iocb,0,0,filespecThe DELETE command deletes a diskfile.ƒOnce a file is deleted, thereis no way to get it back.„If wildcards are used in the file-spec, all files which match the file-spec are deleted.‚„In BASIC, the LOCK command takesthe form„XIO 35,#iocb,0,0,filespecThe LOCK command locks a disk file.ƒAlocked disk file cannot be overwrittenor deleted.„If wildcards are used in the file-spec, all files which match the file-spec are locked.‚„In BASIC, the UNLOCK command takesthe form„XIO 36,#iocb,0,0,filespecThe UNLOCK command unlocks a diskfile.„If wildcards are used in the file-spec, all files which match the file-spec are unlocked.‚„The POINT command allows you toperform random access by skipping fromplace to place within a file withoutreading all the data in between.„In Atari BASIC, the POINT commandshould be given as the followingthree-line sequence:„Q=INT(P/256)„R=P-Q*256„POINT #iocb,Q,RThis tells DOS 4 that the next byteto be read or written is the byte inposition P.ƒIf P was 0, the next byteread or written will be the first byteof the file; if P was 1, the next byteread or written will be the secondbyte of the file; and so on.‚„The NOTE command tells the positionwithin the file of the next byte to beread or written.„In Atari BASIC, the NOTE commandshould be given as the following two-line sequence:„NOTE #iocb,Q,R„P=Q*256+RThis gives the variable P a valueequal to the position within the fileof the next byte to be read or writ-ten.ƒIf the next byte to be read orwritten is the first byte of the file,P is given the value 0; if the nextbyte to be read or written is thesecond byte of the file, P is giventhe value 1; and so on.‚„In BASIC, the FORMAT command takesthe form„XIO 254,#iocb,0,0,devspecwhere "devspec" is a device specifica-tion ("D0:" through "D9:").„The FORMAT command prepares a blankdisk to receive data.ƒA new disk mustbe formatted before it can be used tostore disk files.„Warning: Formatting a disk erasesall the files on the disk, regardlessof whether or not they are locked!!!‚„When the computer is turned on, theDOS 4 File Management System automati-cally loads in from the disk.ƒOnce itis loaded, it runs the program infile CONFIG.SYS.ƒCONFIG.SYS config-ures all the disk drives and thenchecks disk drive #1 to see if thereis a file named D1:AUTORUN.SYS.ƒIfso, then the program contained inAUTORUN.SYS is automatically loadedand run.„The contents of the AUTORUN.SYSfile must be a machine-language pro-gram in the standard binary load for-mat.‚FI•Kò‡THE DOS 4 COMMAND PROCESSOR„The DOS 4 Command Processor is anon-resident program from which youselect a program to run, run a car-tridge, or examine the disk directory.„For information, select one of thefollowing:A. Loading the Command ProcessorB. The Command Processor menuC. Making a menu selection‚GÇ„If there is no cartridge installed,the Command Processor loads automati-cally when the computer is turned on.„From within BASIC, you load theCommand Processor by typing DOS.ƒThiserases any BASIC program in memory, sobe sure to save your program to diskbefore typing DOS.„To load the Command Processor fromwithin other software, give thecommand equivalent to the BASIC "DOS"command, usually something like "EXIT"or "RETURN TO DOS".‚„Before you load the Command Proces-sor, insert a disk that contains theCommand Processor program into diskdrive #1 (if using the disk drivenumber redirection feature of DOS 4then the CP program must go intological drive #1, not physical drive#1).„If you attempt to load the CommandProcessor without first inserting sucha disk, the computer will "freeze".If this happens, press BREAK andanother attempt will be made to loadthe Command Processor.‚„The CP menu is constructed by read-ing the directory of disk drive #1 andlisting all files whose names end inthe extender ".COM".ƒ(If disk drivenumber redirection is being used, theCP reads the directory of logicaldrive #1, not physical drive #1.)ƒAmaximum of sixteen such files can belisted.„After all ".COM" files are listed,the CP lists the RUN CARTRIDGE andDISK DIRECTORY items and prompts youto make a selection.„You can add new items to the CPmenu by creating disk files whosenames end in ".COM".ƒEach such filemust be a machine-language program instandard binary load format.‚„To select an item from the CP menu,press the appropriate key:- A letter key from A to P runs theƒprogram listed on the menu next toƒthat letter.- The Z key runs the cartridge in-ƒstalled in the computer.- A digit key from 0 to 9 displays theƒdirectory of the corresponding diskƒdrive.- The RETURN key reconstructs the CPƒmenu.„A menu selection can be made whilethe CP is loading.‚VVdV´ZM\!]™^\^ðbŒcvm=oAp$|šp£‚ù„ÙRËOëP|QÈc…THE DOS 4 DISK UTILITY PACKAGECommands selected using letter keys: A. Com ProcessorƒI. Format Data Disk B. Run CartridgeƒJ. Duplicate Disk C. Copy File‡K. Binary Save D. Delete File…L. Binary Load E. Rename File…M. Run At Address F. Lock File‡N. Configure Drive G. Unlock File…O. Duplicate File H. Write DOS‡P. Merge DCF”Q. Identify ModeOther commands and information: R. The Directory commands (0-9) S. Loading the Disk Utility Package T. How to make a menu selection U. How to respond to prompts V. How to make bootable disks‚„The Disk Utility Package is loadedfrom the DOS 4 Command Processor menu.Press the letter key listed next to"DISKUTIL" (this is usually A).‚„To make a menu selection, type oneof the letters A-Q or one of thedigits 0-9, and then press RETURN.Note that only uppercase letters arerecognized as valid selections.„Menu selections can be made when-ever the prompt "SELECT ITEM OR ÒÅÔÕÒÎFOR MENU" appears.ƒPress RETURN tore-display the Disk Utility Packagemenu.‚„Most commands require some addi-tional information, such as the nameof a file.ƒThe DUP requests theinformation necessary.ƒYou may givethe name of a file with or without adevice specification.ƒDevice "D1:" isassumed if the device specification isomitted.‚Tf„To select the DIRECTORY command,press the digit key 0-9 correspondingto the number of the drive whosedirectory you want to examine.„DUP responds by asking for a searchspecification.ƒPress RETURN to listall the files on the selected diskdrive.ƒAlternatively, enter a searchspecification (do not include a devicespecification) and only files whosenames match the search specificationare listed.‚„If the disk has more than 999sectors, then the numbers appearing inthe directory are a fraction of thetrue sector counts.ƒFor Atari 1050drives in dual-density mode and forPercom-compatible drives in double-sided double-density mode, the numbersin the directory are half the truesector counts.„The directory is always displayedon the screen.ƒThere is no provisionfor sending the directory to a diskfile or printer.‚„The A. COM PROCESSOR command re-turns you to the DOS 4 Command Proces-sor.‚„The B. RUN CARTRIDGE command runsthe cartridge installed in the com-puter.‚XÕ„The C. COPY FILE command copies thecontents of one file into anotherfile.ƒThe DUP asks for the sourcefile and the destination file.ƒTypethe name of the source file, followedby a comma, followed by the name ofthe destination file.ƒAdd "/A" at theend of the name of the destinationfile to append the contents of thesource file onto the end of the des-tination file.„Wildcards may be used in the filenames, but only the first file match-ing the filespec is copied.ƒTo copyseveral files at once, use theDUPLICATE FILE command.‚„Specify "P:" as the destinationfile to have the source file printedby the printer.ƒSpecify "E:" as thedestination file to have the sourcefile displayed on the screen.„Specify "E:" as the source file totype in a file.ƒYou may use thecursor control keys normally whiledoing so; data is entered only whenyou press RETURN.ƒPress CTRL 3 whenyou have finished typing.‚„The D. DELETE FILE command deletesa disk file.„If wildcards are used in the filename, all files matching the filespecare deleted.ƒBefore deleting a file,the DUP asks for permission.ƒType "Y"if you want to delete the file, or "N"if you don't want to delete the file.„If you add "/N" at the end of thefile name, the DUP automatically de-letes all matching files without ask-ing permission.„Once a file has been deleted, thereis no way to get it back.‚„The E. RENAME FILE command changesthe name of a disk file.„The DUP asks for the old and newnames.ƒType the current name of thefile, followed by a comma, followed bythe desired new name.ƒYou can includea device specification in the currentname, but not in the new name.„If wildcards are used in the filename, all files whose names match thefilespec are renamed.‚„The F. LOCK FILE command locks adisk file.ƒA locked disk file cannotbe overwritten or deleted.„If wildcards are used in the filename, all files whose names match thefilespec are locked.‚„The G. UNLOCK FILE command unlocksa disk file.„If wildcards are used in the filename, all files whose names match thefilespec are unlocked.‚`ã„The H. WRITE DOS command writes thethree disk files which make up DOS 4 -QDOS.SYS (containing the File Manage-ment System), QDUP.SYS (containing theCommand Processor), and DISKUTIL.COM(containing the Disk Utility Package).„This command also writes a filecalled CONFIG.SYS which automaticallyconfigures all the disk drives whenyou turn on the computer.„On disk drives which require aninvisible boot file, this commandwrites the boot file so that the re-sulting disk is bootable.‚„In order for a DOS 4 diskette to bebootable, it is necessary that thefile manager (QDOS.SYS) be the firstfile written onto the diskette.ƒThismeans that the best time to give theWRITE DOS command is immediately afterthe diskette has been formatted.„Note that if you WRITE DOS to adrive other than drive #1, the config-uration of the drive to which youwrite DOS must be the same as theconfiguration of drive #1.‚„The I. FORMAT DATA DISK commandformats a blank disk.ƒYou must formata disk before you can use it to storedisk files.„Warning: Formatting a disk erasesall the files on the disk, regardlessof whether or not they are locked!!!‚eê„The J. DUPLICATE DISK command makesa copy of an entire disk.ƒIt workswith one or more disk drives.ƒThecommand can be used to copy the entirecontents of a disk from one kind ofdisk drive to another (say, from asingle-density drive to a double-density drive or vice versa, or from adrive made by one manufacturer to adrive made by a different manufac-turer).„The DUP asks for the numbers of thesource drive and of the destinationdrive (which default to "1,1" if youpress RETURN).ƒIf you specify twodifferent drives, the DUP asks you toinsert both disks and then the dupli-cate disk operation will proceed.‚hO„If you specify the same drive asboth source and destination, the DUPinforms you that swapping is requiredand asks how many copies you want tomake.ƒRespond with a number from 1 to99.ƒ(The number defaults to 1 if youpress RETURN.)„When you specify the number ofcopies, you may place the option "/R"after the number (for example, you maytype "3/R").ƒThe /R option specifiesthat the drive is to be reconfiguredeach time disks are swapped.ƒThismakes it possible to move files be-tween disks of different types (e.g.,between single- and double-densitydisks) even if you have only one diskdrive.‚jÆ„If you choose the /R option, theDUP asks you to specify the drive con-figuration to be used for the sourcedisk and the configuration to be usedfor the destination disk(s).ƒEachtime, DUP displays a menu of configur-ations to choose from.„Next, the DUP asks you to insertthe source disk.ƒWhen you have doneso, it reads in as much of the sourcedisk as will fit into memory and thenasks you insert the destination disk.Once you've done that, the data inmemory is written out.„If you requested more than onecopy, the DUP asks you to insert thesecond destination disk and again thedata in memory is written out.‚„The DUP continues to ask for des-tination disks until it has writtenonto each of them.ƒAt this point, ifthe entire contents of the source diskhas been written then the operationends.ƒIf not, the DUP asks you to re-insert the source disk, and the abovesteps are repeated until the entirecontents of the source disk has beenwritten onto each destination disk.„Whenever the destination drive of aDUPLICATE DISK command requires aninvisible boot file, the DUP writesthe boot file onto the destinationdisk(s).ƒThus, if you use DUPLICATEDISK to duplicate a bootable disk, theresulting duplicates are also boot-able.‚„The K. BINARY SAVE command savesa block of memory into a disk file inthe standard binary load format.ƒTouse this command, give the name of thefile and the addresses of the firstand last bytes of the block of memoryto be saved.ƒThe addresses must bein hexadecimal.„In addition, you may specify theaddress at which the program is to berun and the address of an initializa-tion routine in the program.„If you place "/A" at the end of thefile name, the saved data is appendedonto the end of the file.‚„The L. BINARY LOAD command loads adisk file into memory and runs it.The file must be in the standard bi-nary load format.„If you place "/N" at the end of thefile name, the file is loaded and ini-tialized but not run.‚„The M. RUN AT ADDRESS command runsa program beginning at an address youspecify.ƒThe address must be given inhexadecimal.‚s„The O. DUPLICATE FILE commandcopies one or more files from one diskto another.ƒIt works with one or moredisk drives.ƒThe command can be usedto copy files from one kind of diskdrive to another (say, from a single-density drive to a double-densitydrive or vice versa, or from a drivemade by one manufacturer to a drivemade by a different manufacturer).„When you select this item, the DUPasks for the numbers of the sourcedrive and of the destination drive(which default to "1,1" if you pressRETURN).ƒWhat happens next depends onwhether or not you specify the samedrive as both source and destination.‚u³„If you specify two different drivesthen the DUP asks you for the names ofthe files to be duplicated.ƒRespondby entering the names of one or moredisk files, separated by commas (donot include device specifications).„If wildcards are used in the filenames, all files which match the givenfilespecs are copied.ƒThere is, how-ever, one exception to the wildcardrules: an extender which contains awildcard will not match an extender of".SYS" or ".COM".ƒFor example, "*.*"refers to all files except thoseending in ".SYS" or ".COM", while"*.COM" refers to all files whosenames end in ".COM".„When you have done this, the dupli-cate operation will proceed.‚x„If you specify the same drive asboth source and destination, the DUPinforms you that swapping is requiredand asks how many copies you want tomake.ƒRespond with a number from 1 to99.ƒ(The number defaults to 1 if youpress RETURN.)„When you specify the number ofcopies, you may place the option "/R"after the number (for example, you maytype "3/R").ƒThe /R option specifiesthat the drive is to be reconfiguredeach time disks are swapped.ƒThismakes it possible to move files be-tween disks of different types (e.g.,between single- and double-densitydisks) even if you have only one diskdrive.‚z§„If you choose the /R option, theDUP asks you to specify the drive con-figuration to be used for the sourcedisk and the configuration to be usedfor the destination disk(s).ƒEachtime, DUP displays a menu of configur-ations to choose from.„Next, the DUP asks for the names ofthe files to be copied.ƒRespond byentering one or more file names,separated by commas, as previouslydescribed.„The DUP then asks you to insert thesource disk.ƒWhen you have done so,it reads in as many of the specifiedsource files as will fit into memoryand then asks you insert the desti-nation disk.ƒOnce you've done that,the data in memory is written out.‚„If you requested more than onecopy, the DUP asks you to insert thesecond destination disk and again thedata in memory is written out.„The DUP continues to ask for des-tination disks until it has writtenonto each of them.ƒAt this point, ifall of the specified source disk fileshave been written then the operationends.ƒIf not, the DUP asks you to re-insert the source disk, and the abovesteps are repeated until all of thespecified files have been written ontoeach destination disk.‚~w„The N. CONFIGURE DRIVE command doestwo things: it tells DOS 4 what kindof disk drive is in your system, andit tells the disk drive how it shouldconfigure itself (e.g., single-densitymode or double-density mode).„When you select this item, the DUPasks you which drive you want to con-figure.ƒRespond by typing a numberfrom 0 to 9 (if you are using the diskdrive number redirection feature ofDOS 4, this is a logical drive number,not a physical drive number).‚€Ÿ„After you have specified the drivenumber, the DUP displays a menu ofdisk drive configurations, with a starplaced next to the drive's currentconfiguration (actually, the star in-dicates what DOS 4 thinks the currentconfiguration is; the DUP does notinterrogate the drive to find out whatits actual configuration is).ƒRespondby typing the letter listed next tothe configuration that you want thedrive to become.ƒIf you press RETURNwithout typing a letter, the DUPassumes that you want the drive toremain in its current configuration.‚„For an Atari 810 disk drive, youmust select configuration A.„For an Atari 1050-compatible drive,you may select either configuration Afor single-density operation, or con-figuration B for dual-density oper-ation.„For a Percom-compatible drive, youmay select configuration C for single-sided single-density operation, orconfiguration D for single-sideddouble-density oparation.ƒIf thedrive is double-sided, you may alsoselect configuration E for double-sided double-density operation.„Note that configurations A and Care not the same.ƒYou must select thecorrect one for your drive.‚„The P. MERGE DCF command adds newdisk drives to the menu of disk driveconfigurations.ƒThis menu is used bythe CONFIGURE DRIVE, IDENTIFY MODE,DUPLICATE DISK, and DUPLICATE FILEcommands.„When you select the MERGE DCF com-mand, the DUP asks for the name of a"Disk Configuration File" (DCF).ƒTypethe name of the DCF for the disk drivemodel that you want to add to themenu.ƒAfter you have merged a DCFinto the DUP, use the WRITE DOS com-mand to write out the new DUP.‚‡„The Q. IDENTIFY MODE command tellsyou the mode in which a disk was for-matted (e.g., it tells you whether adisk was formatted in single-densitymode or in double-density mode).„When you select this item, the DUPasks you which disk drive contains thedisk.ƒRespond by typing a number from0 to 9 (if you are using the diskdrive number redirection feature ofDOS 4, this is a logical drive number,not a physical drive number).„After you have specified the drivenumber, the DUP attempts to identifythe mode in which the disk was for-matted.‚„If the DUP successfully identifiesthe mode, it configures the drive intothe correct mode and displays the menuof disk drive configurations with astar placed next to the correct mode.„If the DUP is unsuccessful in iden-tifying the mode, it leaves the diskdrive configuration unchanged and dis-plays the message "UNABLE TO IDENTIFYMODE".‚„A disk is "bootable" if you canload in DOS 4 from it when the com-puter is turned on.ƒIn order to usethe disk drives, you must place abootable disk in drive #1 before turn-ing on the computer.„In order for a disk to be bootable,QDOS.SYS must be the first file writ-ten onto it.ƒAlso, the disk driveconfiguration program CONFIG.SYS mustbe on the disk.„In addition, some disk drivesrequire that a special "boot file" bepresent on the disk.ƒThe boot file isnot listed in the directory and isinvisible to DOS 4.ƒThe DUP automati-cally writes the boot file on thedestination disk whenever you selectthe WRITE DOS command or the DUPLICATEDISK command.‚ ŒFŽA“Ø ý¦"³J«›µœ±,ŠADVANCED INFORMATIONA. IntroductionB. Disk drive number indirectionC. Buffer allocationD. The resident binary loaderE. The standard binary file formatF. Command Processor filenameG. Environment controlH. SIO/PIO commands and interceptionI. Relaxation of filespec rulesJ. Memory map‚ŽINTRODUCTION„The advanced information providedby the help system describes some ofthe fixed memory locations withinDOS 4 and gives a DOS 4 memory map.„This information makes it possiblefor you to redirect the disk drivenumbers D0: through D9: to whicheverdrives you choose, to control theallocation of sector buffers, and touse the resident binary loader.„WARNING: Use extreme caution if youmodify any of the memory locationswithin DOS 4, because a mistake mightdestroy your disk files.‚‘…DISK DRIVE NUMBER INDIRECTION„DOS 4 has the ability to support upto eight physical drives and up to tenlogical drives.ƒThe physical drivesare the actual pieces of hardware, andare numbered from 1 to 8.ƒThe logicaldrives are the drives referred to infile specifications, and are numberedfrom D0: to D9:.ƒWhenever you give afile specification, DOS 4 must readthe logical drive number and decidewhich physical drive you are referringto.„Normally, D1: through D8: refer tophysical drives 1 through 8 respec-tively, while D0: and D9: are notsupported.ƒHowever, by modifyingcertain memory locations within DOS 4,you can make each logical drive referto whichever physical drive you wish.‚„Drive number indirection is con-trolled by DTYPE at [$73F,$A].ƒThefour low-order bits of memory locationDTYPE+n gives the physical drive num-ber to be associated with logicaldrive number Dn:.ƒIf the four low-order bits of DTYPE+n are zero thenlogical drive Dn: is not supported.„You may change the contents ofDTYPE at any time, even if there areopen files to the drives in question.The physical drive associated with afile is determined when the OPENstatement is executed, so that chang-ing DTYPE will not cause an open fileto start reading from a differentdrive.ƒTo change DTYPE, use AND andOR operations to alter the four low-order bits without altering the fourhigh-order bits.‚–IŠBUFFER ALLOCATION„Buffer allocation is controlled bythe contents of memory locationsBUFMAX at [$710,1] and BUFSIZ at[$711,1].ƒBUFMAX contains the numberof sector buffers to be allocated;it must be between 2 and 16 (decimal)inclusive.ƒIf you want to have N openfiles on a system with D disk drivesthen the minimum number of buffersrequired is N+MIN(N,D).ƒThe standardnumber of buffers is 5.„BUFSIZ determines the size of thebuffers.ƒIt must contain either 0(for 256-byte buffers) or $80 (for128-byte buffers).ƒIf you have anydouble-density drives (or single-den-sity drives with a two-sector VTOC),BUFSIZ must contain 0.‚„The standard value of BUFSIZ is 0.It is recommended that you use a valueof 0 even if you have only single-den-sity drives.„The contents of BUFMAX and BUFSIZmay be changed only when there are noopen disk files.ƒThe recommendedprocedure is:(a) close all disk files,(b) store new values into BUFMAX†and/or BUFSIZ,(c) load the Disk Utility Package,(d) use the WRITE DOS command to write†out the new version of DOS 4, and(e) reboot the system.‚š;†THE RESIDENT BINARY LOADER„The resident File Management Systemcontains a program which loads andruns a machine-language program in thestandard binary load file format.ƒTheloader has two entry points: LOADER at$70A and KERNEL at $70D.„Use entry point LOADER if (a) youknow that the loaded program is notgoing to overwrite the calling pro-gram, or (b) you know that the loadedprogram is not going to return, or (c)you are chaining programs and theloaded program is the next one in thechain.„The calling sequence for LOADER is:‚œe„LDY #FILE&255 ;FILE contains the„LDA #FILE/256 ;filespec„LDX #$FF ;Use #$FF to load and run,;#0 to load and not run„JSR LOADER„CPY #0 ;Error status returned in Y„BMI ERROR ;Branch if errorIf you are chaining programs, precedethe above code by two PLA instructionsand replace the JSR LOADER instructionwith JMP LOADER.„Entry point KERNEL is used if theloaded program may overwrite the call-ing program and then return.ƒShouldthis happen, KERNEL will automaticallyload and run the Command Processorwhen the loaded program returns.‚Ÿ„The calling sequence for KERNEL isthe same as for LOADER, except thatbefore calling KERNEL you must storea value into DUPFLG at [$736,1] andoptionally into DUPLO at [$732,2] andDUPHI at [$734,2].„Storing zero into DUPFLG forcesKERNEL to load the Command Processorwhen the loaded program returns.„Storing any non-zero value intoDUPFLG makes KERNEL load the CP onlyif the calling program was overwrittenduring the load.ƒIn this case, thecalling program stores the address ofits first byte into DUPLO and theaddress of its last byte into DUPHI.If the calling program is not over-written during the load then KERNELwill return to the calling programinstead of loading the CP.‚„If KERNEL decides that it must loadand run the Command Processor then,before it does so, it stores the errorstatus resulting from the binary loadinto BLDFLG at [$737,1].ƒThe CP willexamine BLDFLG and issue an errormessage if the contents of BLDFLG in-dicates that an error occurred duringthe binary load process.„Note that both LOADER and KERNELuse IOCB #1 to perform the load.Therefore, before calling either ofthese routines, make sure that IOCB #1is closed.‚£ˆ THE STANDARD BINARY LOAD FILE FORMAT„DOS 4 uses the same format for bi-nary load files as Atari DOS 2.0 andDOS 3.ƒA binary load file consists ofone or more "segments", each of whichgives the data to be loaded into acontiguous block of memory.ƒA segmentconsists of three parts:1. A two-byte file type code, in which„each byte contains $FF.ƒThis is„required on the first segment in„the file, but optional on subse-„quent segments.2. A four-byte header in which the„first two bytes give the address„where the first byte of the data„block goes, and the last two bytes„give the address where the last„byte of the data block goes.‚3. A data block which contains one or„more bytes of data to be loaded„into memory.„There are two memory locationswhich have special significance to theloader: INIVEC at [$2E2,2] and RUNVECat [$2E0,2].ƒEvery time the loaderfinishes loading a segment, it checksto see if a non-zero address was load-ed into INIVEC.ƒIf so, the loaderimmediately executes a subroutine call(JSR statement) to the address inINIVEC.ƒWhen the program returns, theloader will continue the load.„When the entire file has been load-ed, the loader checks to see if a non-zero address is in RUNVEC.ƒIf so, theloader executes a subroutine call (JSRstatement) to that address.‚¨‡COMMAND PROCESSOR FILENAME„DUPSPC at [$722,$10] contains thename of the file which contains theCommand Processor.ƒThis is normally"D1:QDUP.SYS".ƒThe filename must endwith a carriage return.„If you wish to replace the CommandProcessor with a program of your own,place the name of the file containingyour program into DUPSPC.ƒThe programmust be in the standard binary loadfile format.ƒThe H. WRITE DOS commandcan be used to write out a version ofDOS 4 containing the new value ofDUPSPC.‚©¼„Before it loads the CP, the resi-dent FMS closes all IOCB's.ƒThe FMSdoes not clear the screen, so if ascreen clear is desired then the CPmust do it.„If the CP is going to use the resi-dent screen editor "E:", it shouldbegin with an initialization routinewhich:(a) sets the screen margins,(b) opens IOCB #0 to E:, and then(c) delays long enough to allow†vertical blank to bring up the†screen.‚„There are two entry points whichload the CP: indirectly through DOSVECat $0A, or directly through KERNEL at$70D.ƒThe CP can determine whichentry point was used by examiningBLDFLG at [$737,1].ƒThe contents ofBLDFLG is zero if entry DOSVEC wasused, and non-zero if entry KERNEL wasused.ƒIn the latter case, the con-tents of BLDFLG is the error statuscode resulting from the binary loadprocess; a value greater than or equalto $80 indicates that an error occur-red.‚­±ƒSIO/PIO COMMANDS AND INTERCEPTION„The following locations contain thebus commands used by DOS 4 to communi-cate with the disk drives:›stan- alter-›dard„natesymbolƒlocationƒcommand valueƒvalueWRCOMDƒ[$73A,1]„write…$50…$57RDCOMDƒ[$73B,1]„read†$52†-DWCOMDƒ[$73C,1]„write…$57…$50STCOMDƒ[$73D,1]„status„$53†-„WRCOMD is the command used to writedata sectors, and DWCOMD is the com-mand used to write directory and VTOCsectors.ƒUse $50 for fast write(write without verify) and $57 forslow write (write with verify).‚¯à„Memory location RRVECT at [$7D1,3]contains a JMP instruction.ƒThe FMSexecutes a subroutine call (JSR state-ment) to RRVECT immediately prior toeach call to SIO or PIO (the calltakes place after setting up the DCB).If you store an address into RRVECT+1and RRVECT+2, you can effectivelyintercept all calls to SIO or PIO.„The intended use of RRVECT is toallow programs to remain responsive tothe user during long disk operations.„The contents of RRVECT+1 andRRVECT+2 are initialized to point toan RTS during both coldstart and warm-start.‚„If an RRVECT routine wishes to pre-vent the FMS from calling SIO or PIO,it can do so by pulling the returnaddress off the stack, adding 3, andthen pushing the result back on thestack.ƒIf this is done, the RRVECTroutine must store an error statuscode into DSTATS at [$303,1] and intothe 6502 Y-register before it returns.‚‹DOS 4 MEMORY MAPƒ$0A-ƒ$0BƒCP Load And Run Vectorƒ$0C-ƒ$0DƒFMS Init Vectorƒ$1A-ƒ$1BƒDUP Zero Pageƒ$43-ƒ$46ƒFMS Zero Page $2E0- $2E1ƒBinary Load Run Vector $2E2- $2E3ƒBinary Load Init Vector $701-$17FBƒFile Management System$17FC-ˆSector Buffers$1BFC-$20FBƒCommand Processor$20FC-$4FFBƒDisk Utility PackageNote 1: DOS 4 assumes that the FMSZero Page is not altered in betweencalls to the FMS.Note 2: The actual top address of DUPvaries depending on the DCF's mergedinto it.ƒThe top of DUP will never behigher than $4FFB.‚ŠENVIRONMENT CONTROL„CTBOOT at [$7D5,1] determineswhether control goes to the CP or tothe cartridge when the computer isturned on.ƒIf CTBOOT is zero thencontrol goes to the CP.ƒIf CTBOOTis non-zero then control goes to thecartridge (provided that a cartridgeis installed).ƒBuilt-in BASIC actsjust like a cartridge.„CRTENV at [$7D4,1] determineswhether control goes to the CP or tothe cartridge when SYSTEM RESET ispressed: zero for the CP, non-zero forthe cartridge.ƒAny program loadedfrom the CP that passes control to acartridge should store a non-zerovalue into CRTENV.‚†RELAXATION OF FILESPEC RULES„REQEOL at [$7D6,1] determines howstrictly the FMS enforces the rulesfor filespecs.„A value of $FF means that the rulesare strictly enforced.ƒIn particular,each filespec must end with a carriagereturn.„A value of $0B is the same as $FF,except that extra characters in theextender are ignored.ƒA value of $00relaxes the rules, which means thatany invalid character is interpretedto mean end-of-filespec.„The default value of REQEOL is $0B.Values other than $00, $0B, or $FF arenot allowed.‚¸lºr¼>¾ÀÁñÃæŒI/O ERROR CODESA. Errors 128 - 132B. Errors 133 - 137C. Errors 138 - 142D. Errors 143 - 146E. Errors 160 - 165F. Errors 166 - 173G. Errors 174 - 177‚ºr128 - BREAK ABORT„You pressed the BREAK key during„an I/O operation.ƒThis stops the„operation.129 - IOCB ALREADY OPEN„You tried to give an OPEN command„to an IOCB which is already open.130 - NONEXISTENT DEVICE„You did not give a correct device„specification (D0: through D9:).131 - IOCB WRITE ONLY„You tried to do a GET or INPUT„command to an IOCB which was opened„for output only.132 - INVALID COMMAND„You gave an I/O command which is„not recognized by the Central„Input/Output System (CIO).‚¼>133 - DEVICE OR FILE NOT OPEN„You tried to GET, INPUT, PUT, or„PRINT to an IOCB which is not open.134 - BAD IOCB NUMBER„You gave an invalid IOCB number.135 - IOCB READ ONLY„You tried to PUT or PRINT to an„IOCB which was opened for input„only.136 - END OF FILE„You tried to read or write past the„end of the file.137 - TRUNCATED RECORD„During an INPUT (or GET RECORD) op-„eration, the input buffer filled„before end-of-record was found.‚¾138 - DEVICE TIMEOUT„The device does not respond.ƒMay„indicate a drive which is not„turned on or not connected.ƒAlso„may indicate an incorrect disk„drive configuration.139 - DEVICE DOES NOT ACKNOWLEDGE„An error in the serial I/O system.„May indicate a malfunctioning„piece of hardware.ƒAlso may indi-„cate an incorrect disk drive con-„figuration.140 - SERIAL BUS INPUT FRAMING ERROR„Hardware malfunction.142 - SERIAL BUS OVERRUN„Hardware malfunction.‚À143 - CHECKSUM ERROR„Serial bus communications are„garbled.ƒMay indicate an incorrect„disk drive configuration.ƒMay also„indicate a hardware malfunction.144 - DEVICE DONE ERROR„You attempted to write on a write-„protected disk.ƒAlso may indicate„that the disk drive needs adjust-„ment.ƒAlso may indicate an incor-„rect disk drive configuration.146 - FUNCTION NOT IMPLEMENTED„You gave DOS 4 an invalid command„(for example, attempting to give„a POINT command to a file open„for output).‚Áñ160 - DRIVE NUMBER ERROR„You specified a disk drive number„which is not supported.161 - TOO MANY OPEN FILES„There are no free sector buffers„available.162 - DISK FULL„There are no more free sectors on„the disk.ƒUse another disk.164 - DISK MAP ERROR„The control information on the disk„is messed up.ƒMay indicate an„incorrect configuration, or an„attempt to read a disk that was„written by another DOS.165 - FILE NAME ERROR„You gave an invalid file name.‚Ãæ166 - POINT DATA ERROR„The data you gave in a POINT state-„ment is too big (i.e., you tried to„point past the end of the file).167 - FILE LOCKED„You tried to overwrite or delete a„file which is currently locked.169 - DIRECTORY FULL„You tried to create a new file on„a disk whose directory is already„full.170 - FILE NOT FOUND„You tried to access a disk file„which does not exist.173 - BAD SECTORS AT FORMAT TIME„Bad sectors were found on the disk„while it was being formatted.‚174 - SOFTWARE VERIFY ERROR„Output sent to a disk file which is„open for verify did not match the„contents of the file.175 - BAD LOAD FILE„An attempt was made to load a disk„file which is not in the standard„binary load format.176 - UNKNOWN DRIVE CONFIGURATION„The Disk Utility Package encount-„ered a disk drive configuration„it does not understand.177 - UNABLE TO MERGE„The Disk Utility Package was unable„to merge a Disk Configuration File„because the file is not in the„correct format, or there is in-„sufficient memory, or the disk„drive menu is already full.‚È=„CONFIGURING DOS 4 TO YOUR SYSTEM„To configure DOS 4 to your system,perform steps 1-8 below:1. Load in the Disk Utility Package„by selecting DISKUTIL on the DOS 4„Command Processor menu.2. Select item N. CONFIGURE DRIVE.3. In response to the prompt "CONFIG-„URE DRIVE - DRIVE NUMBER?", type„"1" to indicate drive #1.4. A menu of disk drive configurations„will appear on the screen.ƒType„a letter to select the type of„drive you have installed as drive„#1 and the density in which you„want to use it.‚Êp4a. For an Atari 810 (or equivalent)…drive, you must select A.4b. For an Atari 1050-compatible…drive, you may select A for…single-density operation, or B for…dual-density operation.4c. For a Percom-compatible drive, you…may select C for single-sided…single-density operation, or D for…single-sided double-density oper-…ation.ƒIf the drive is double-…sided, you may also select E for…double-sided double-density oper-…ation.5. If you have more than one disk„drive, use the N. CONFIGURE DRIVE„command to configure each drive in„your system.‚̼6. Insert a blank diskette in drive„#1 and use the I. FORMAT DATA DISK„command to format it.7. Use the H. WRITE DOS command to„write out to drive #1 a version of„DOS 4 which is configured to your„system.8. Try to boot the system using the„new system disk you just created.„If it works, you're done.ƒIf not,„then go back and try again.„You now have a disk with a properlyconfigured version of DOS 4.ƒIt con-tains the files QDOS.SYS, QDUP.SYS,CONFIG.SYS, and DISKUTIL.COM.ƒIf youwant to copy the remaining DOS 4 filesonto your new diskette, perform steps9-17 below:‚λ 9. Load the Disk Utility Package and…select the O. DUPLICATE FILE…command.10. When the prompt "DUP FILE -…SOURCE_DRIVE,DEST_DRIVE" appears,…press RETURN.11. When the prompt "SWAPPING REQUIRED…- HOW MANY COPIES" appears, type…"1/R" and press RETURN.12. The disk drive configuration menu…will appear.ƒSelect the single-…sided single-density choice…(A or C) for the drive you have…installed as drive #1.13. The configuration menu will appear…again.ƒPress RETURN.ƒ(No choice…is necessary.)‚ÐÝ14. In response to the prompt "GIVE…NAME(S) OF FILE(S) TO MOVE", type…"*.COM,*.*" and press RETURN.15. When "INSERT SOURCE DISK" appears,…insert your original DOS 4 program…disk in drive #1 and press RETURN.16. When "INSERT DESTINATION DISK"…appears, insert your new system…disk in drive #1 and press RETURN.17. Repeat steps 15 and 16 until the…DUPLICATE FILE operation is…finished.„You now have a system disk whichcontains a version of DOS 4 that iscorrectly configured for your system,together with all the DOS 4 files.‚„If you ever add a new disk drive toyour system, you will have to repeatsteps 1-8 above to create a version ofDOS 4 which is customized to your newsystem configuration.ƒBy this time,you will probably have lots of diskscontaining your old version of DOS 4;it is safe to use the H. WRITE DOScommand to overwrite the old versionof DOS 4 with the new version.‚ur old version of DOS 4;it is safe to use the H. WR